Palestinian pharmacists' knowledge of issues related to using psychotropic medications in older people: a cross-sectional study / 보건의료교육평가

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge of pharmacists practicing in Palestine of issues related to using psychotropic medications in older people. METHODS: The study was conducted with a cross-sectional observational design using a questionnaire. A total of 400 pharmacists responded to a 19-statement knowledge test related to the use of psychotropic medications in older people. The study was conducted from July 2016 to February 2017. The reliability and internal consistency of the study tool was assessed using the test-retest method and the Cronbach alpha. Categorical groups were compared using the chi-square test and the Spearman rank correlation. RESULTS: On the 19-statement knowledge test, the median score was 55.3% with an interquartile range of 21.9%. In a comparison of the demographic and practice-related variables of the pharmacists who scored ≥ 50% on the 19-statement knowledge test with those who scored < 50%, age, gender, and having taken a course on psychotropic medications were found to be significantly associated with performance, as shown by the chi-square test and Spearman correlation. CONCLUSION: Pharmacists practicing in Palestine possess less than optimal knowledge of issues related to the use of psychotropic medications in older people. Continuing educational interventions and/or training might be helpful in improving pharmacists' knowledge of issues related to using psychotropic medications in older people.

Risk of error estimated from Palestine pharmacists' knowledge and certainty on the adverse effects and contraindications of active pharmaceutical ingredients and excipients / 보건의료교육평가

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate community pharmacists' knowledge and certainty of adverse effects and contraindications of pharmaceutical products to estimate the risk of error. Factors influencing their knowledge and certainty were also investigated. METHODS: The knowledge of community pharmacists was assessed in a cross-sectional design using a multiple-choice questions test on the adverse effects and contraindications of active pharmaceutical ingredients and excipients from May 2014 to March 2015. Self-rated certainty scores were also recorded for each question. Knowledge and certainty scores were combined to estimate the risk of error. RESULTS: Out of 315 subjects, 129 community pharmacists (41.0%) completed the 30 multiple-choice questions test on active ingredients and excipients. Knowledge on active ingredients was associated with the year of graduation and obtaining a licence to practice pharmacy. Knowledge on excipients was associated with the degree obtained. There was higher risk of error in items on excipients than those on ingredients (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The knowledge of community pharmacists in Palestine was insufficient with high risk of errors. Knowledge of community pharmacists on the safety issues of active ingredients and excipients need to be improved.

Defining prescribing errors in general practice for the hospitals in Pakistan

To reach consensus on a definition of prescribing errors and different scenarios representing prescribing error situations in general practice by a Pakistani panel of expert judges. Later this definition and scenarios will be used for evaluating prescribing practices in hospitals. The study was designed to be conducted in a Two-Round Delphi Technique though a questionnaire to be delivered hand-by-hand to each member of the panel. This was a prospective at various of judges hospitals study conducted in Lahore and Bahawalpur from May 2006 to July 2006. A questionnaire in a two-round Delphi technique was followed to gauge consensus on a definition and 46 scenarios proposed to be representing prescribing error situations. Consensus was reached to agree upon a definition of prescribing errors, 33 [71.7%] scenarios were considered prescribing errors, 8 [17.4%] scenarios were excluded and 5 [10.9%] were partially agreed upon to be considered depending on the individual situation. The Pakistani panel of expert judges agreed upon the definition and scenarios to be considered prescribing errors. The definition and scenarios can also be used for future research on prescribing errors in Pakistani hospitals